Global TEC maps are provided to AFFECTS by DLR via the SWACI service every hour. TEC derived from numerous groundbased GNSS measurements is assimilated into an empirical TEC model.

• Jakowski N. (1996) TEC monitoring by using satellite positioning systems. In: Kohl H., Ruester R., Schlegel K. (eds) Modern ionospheric science. EGS, Katlenburg-Lindau, ProduServ GmbH Verlagsservice, Berlin, pp. 371-390
• Jakowski et al.: Operational space weather service for GNSS precise positioning, Ann. Geophys., (2005), 23, 3071-3079, doi:10.5194/angeo-23-3071-2005
• Jakowski et al.: Total electron content models and their use in ionosphere monitoring, Radio Sci. (2011) 46:RS0D18, doi: 10.1029/2010RS004620 )
• Jakowski et al., A new global TEC model for estimating transionospheric radio wave propagation errors, J Geod (2011) 85:965-974, doi: 10.1007/s00190-011-0455-1).

This is a plot of TEC.

The Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics Model (CTIPe) is a state of the art research tool used at the Space Weather Prediction Center to study thermosphere-ionosphere phenomena in order to develop nowcasting and forcasting algorithms for space weather. The objectives are to understand and quantify the importance of the upper-atmospheric mechanisms that affect human activities and to develop new monitoring and predicting techniques.

This is a plot of TEC from the Real Time Run of CTIPe (http://helios.swpc.noaa.gov/ctipe/TEC.html).

CTIPe Comparison with DLR global TEC maps is computed and provided by NOAA (http://helios.swpc.noaa.gov/ctipe/Valid_TEC_DLR.html).

This is a comparison of the near-real-time TEC plots produced by the CTIPe model and DLR assimilation data. The plot shows the differences between the CTIPe model and the DLR model.

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