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Radio signals, transmitted by modern communication and navigation systems may be heavily disturbed by space weather hazards. Thus, severe temporal and spatial changes of the electron density in the ionosphere may significantly degrade the signal quality of various radio systems which even may lead to a complete loss of the signal. By providing specific space weather information, in particular now- and forecast of the ionospheric state, the accuracy and reliability of impacted communication and navigation systems shall be improved.

Total Electron Content

The total electron content (TEC) is a common parameter to illustrate the current state and forecast of the ionosphere. It is defined as the integral of the electron density along the ray path between satellite and receiver. Thus, TEC provides the number of electrons per square meter. It can be used to estimate and improve the accuracy and reliability of impacted communication and navigation systems.

Ionospheric Perturbations

While "normal" ionospheric conditions have little influence on most applications using trans-ionospheric radiolinks, disturbed conditions are a challenge for many. Ionospheric perturbations cause signal degradation and even loss of signal which in turn causes a degradation of system functionality and failures. Measures of ionospheric perturbations provided here are scintillations, rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) and equivalent slab thickness.

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